1、焊接間隙

　　1. Welding gap

　　焊接間隙也稱(chēng)為對應間隙，即焊接部件之間的間隙。焊接間隙直接關(guān)系到焊接質(zhì)量。

　　Welding gap, also known as corresponding gap, refers to the gap between welded components. The welding gap is directly related to the welding quality.

　　當焊接間隙過(guò)小時(shí)，焊縫不易穿透；當焊接間隙過(guò)大時(shí)，會(huì )增加焊接難度，填充量過(guò)大會(huì )影響焊接進(jìn)度，增加焊接應力，容易產(chǎn)生焊接變形。

　　When the welding gap is too small, the weld seam is not easy to penetrate; When the welding gap is too large, it will increase the difficulty of welding. Excessive filling will affect the welding progress, increase welding stress, and easily cause welding deformation.

　　2、鈍邊尺寸

　　2. Blunt edge size

　　鈍邊尺寸也稱(chēng)為坡口尺寸。對于U形槽，它還包括弧形r的尺寸

　　Blunt edge size is also known as groove size. For the U-shaped groove, it also includes the size of the arc-shaped r

　　過(guò)大或過(guò)小的鈍邊會(huì )影響焊接質(zhì)量，過(guò)小的鈍邊易引起燒穿，過(guò)大的鈍邊易引起未焊透。如果接頭兩側的鈍邊同時(shí)太大或太小，則通過(guò)調節電流來(lái)控制穿透更容易處理。

　　Blunt edges that are too large or too small can affect welding quality. Blunt edges that are too small can cause burn through, while blunt edges that are too large can cause incomplete penetration. If the blunt edges on both sides of the joint are too large or too small at the same time, it is easier to control penetration by adjusting the current.

　　如果一邊是大的，另一邊是小的，如果選擇小電流，它將不會(huì )焊接通過(guò)。如果使用高電流，它會(huì )燒穿。因此，這種情況應引起足夠的重視，特別是在單面焊和雙面成形的焊接工作中。

　　If one side is large and the other side is small, if low current is chosen, it will not solder through. If high current is used, it will burn through. Therefore, this situation should be given sufficient attention, especially in single-sided welding and double-sided forming welding work.

　　u形坡口是一種節省焊接材料的坡口形式，但電弧R的大小必須保證焊條或焊絲能容易地到達坡口底部進(jìn)行焊接。

　　U-shaped groove is a groove form that saves welding materials, but the size of the arc R must ensure that the welding rod or wire can easily reach the bottom of the groove for welding.

　　3、坡口角度

　　3. Slope angle

　　坡口角度過(guò)大或過(guò)小都會(huì )不同程度地影響焊接質(zhì)量。表面上，過(guò)大的坡口角度只會(huì )導致更多的填充金屬和更長(cháng)的焊接時(shí)間，從而影響經(jīng)濟效益。然而，焊接后，另一個(gè)令人頭痛的問(wèn)題將出現：焊接變形增加。這些問(wèn)題應該盡可能避免。

　　Excessive or insufficient bevel angle can affect welding quality to varying degrees. On the surface, an excessively large groove angle will only lead to more filler metal and longer welding time, thereby affecting economic benefits. However, after welding, another headache inducing issue will arise: increased welding deformation. These issues should be avoided as much as possible.

　　如果出現這種問(wèn)題，可以找到以下解決辦法：如果板的尺寸足夠大，凹槽可以重新切割到正確的尺寸；組裝接頭前，進(jìn)行堆焊，使坡口尺寸正確；

　　If this problem occurs, the following solutions can be found: if the size of the board is large enough, the grooves can be re cut to the correct size; Before assembling the joint, perform overlay welding to ensure that the groove size is correct;

　　坡口角太小。由于坡口口角過(guò)小而產(chǎn)生的直接的問(wèn)題是熔深不足，容易夾渣。另外熔深不足在某些情況下會(huì )影響焊縫有效厚度的大小，從而降低焊縫強度，所以必須引起重視。

　　The bevel angle is too small. The most direct problem caused by a small groove angle is insufficient penetration, which can easily lead to slag inclusion. In addition, insufficient penetration can in some cases affect the effective thickness of the weld, thereby reducing the strength of the weld, so it must be taken seriously.

　　另一個(gè)隱藏的問(wèn)題是傾斜角太小，容易產(chǎn)生裂縫，應該避免。針對坡口口角過(guò)小的問(wèn)題，有將坡口再次切割或磨削成正確的尺寸的解決方法。改變組裝時(shí)適當增大坡口根部的間隙的根焊道的焊接方法。

　　Another hidden issue is that the tilt angle is too small, which can easily cause cracks and should be avoided. There is a solution to the problem of small bevel angles by re cutting or grinding the bevel to the correct size. Change the welding method of the root weld bead by appropriately increasing the gap at the root of the groove during assembly.